Which of the following is a commonly used reinforcer during veterinary care for horses?

Food treats are widely recognized as effective reinforcers during veterinary care for horses. The application of positive reinforcement, particularly through the use of food, encourages desired behaviors and helps reduce stress in equine patients. When a horse is rewarded with a tasty treat for remaining calm or cooperating during procedures, it creates a positive association with the veterinary experience. This increases the likelihood that the horse will behave similarly in future encounters, facilitating a more effective and less stressful environment for both the horse and the veterinary staff.

In contrast, while other options can play a role in veterinary care, they do not serve as commonly accepted reinforcers in the same way. Liquid medications may be necessary for treatment but are typically not viewed as rewards. Physical restraints can be necessary for safety but can also induce stress and fear, countering the goal of creating a positive experience. Vocal praises can be beneficial in creating a supportive environment, but they may not be as effective in reinforcing desired behavior as tangible rewards like food treats.